Pancreatitis is one of the most serious diseases of the digestive system.There are acute and chronic pancreatitis, each of these types has its own characteristics and methods of treatment.
Pancreatitis is one of the most serious diseases of the digestive system.There are acute and chronic pancreatitis, each of these types has its own characteristics and methods of treatment.
But one thing is unchanged with pancreatitis: the old lifestyle and diet will remain a thing of the past, because the basis for treating pancreatitis is an almost lifelong diet.The pancreas does not forgive errors in nutrition, immediately responding with pain and digestive disorders.
Basics about pancreatitis
Pancreatitis is an acquired disease; it develops as a result of abdominal trauma, viral damage to the pancreas, due to disruption of the liver and gallbladder, after poisoning with alcohol and other toxic substances, with frequent and severe nutritional disorders - prolonged fasting, dieting for the purpose of losing weight.
The main signs of pancreatitis are:
- abdominal pain - sharp, dagger-like, almost to the point of loss of consciousness in acute pancreatitis, or dull or aching in the chronic version;
- nausea and vomiting;
- bowel irregularities, often severe diarrhea, fever;
- sudden weight loss.
For acute pancreatitis, you are usually admitted to the hospital.Chronic exacerbations can be treated at home, but only under the supervision of a doctor.Self-medication in case of pancreatitis is dangerous due to the development of complications including pancreatic necrosis (enzymatic melting of gland tissue, self-digestion of the gland) and the development of peritonitis, which is deadly.
Therapeutic nutrition for pancreatitis
Drug, enzyme and dietary therapy for pancreatitis is selected by the doctor, based on the patient’s condition and test data.However, the general principles of dietary correction always remain approximately the same.They give rest to digestion and the pancreas, which means they reduce pain and normalize well-being.
Nutrition for pancreatitis is sharply limited - most of the usual foods will have to be forgotten.You need to eat often, about 5-6 times a day - every 2.5-3 hours, with a break of 8 hours of sleep.But portions should be small in volume - about 200-250 g, especially in the first time after an exacerbation of the disease.
All dishes are mechanically processed - almost all of them are eaten pureed.Then, as the inflammation subsides, larger particles appear in the food, but you need to chew the food thoroughly.
Since the entire body suffers due to insufficient supply of nutrients during pancreatitis,it is necessary to increase the protein component of the diet (meat, fish, dairy products) - on average, up to 140-150 g of protein per day.
But fats and carbohydrates, which greatly strain the pancreas, are limited to the minimum possible.Carbohydrates are given about 300 g per day, fats - no more than 70-80 g.
Products that have a juice effect are removed from the diet - meat and fish broths, cabbage juice and decoction; for the duration of a severe painful attack, therapeutic fasting is recommended for a period of 1-2 days under the supervision of a doctor.
If you have pancreatitis, you need to drink more fluids -It is recommended to drink up to 2 liters of clean water per day, taking 2-3 sips of water approximately every half hour throughout the day.
Naturally, with pancreatitis it is necessary to completely stop smoking and drinking alcohol.They are the most powerful provocateurs of seizures.
What should be excluded?
The list of prohibited products will become quite impressive and can be disheartening at first.However, without complying with these restrictions, relief can take a very long time.Gradually, you can carefully expand your diet, adhering to the general principles of proper nutrition.
So, for the entire acute period or the moment of exacerbation of the chronic process, you need to exclude:
- beetroot soup, cabbage soup and borscht, okroshka, soups with meat, mushroom and fish broths, the broths themselves;
- fatty meat - pork, lamb, goose and duck;
- offal - kidneys, heart, brains, liver;
- fried, smoked, salted and spicy dishes;
- canned foods;
- sausages;
- fatty fish (catfish, stellate sturgeon, sturgeon, carp); caviar;
- lard, margarine, mayonnaise;
- fatty dairy dishes - cream, sour cream, kumiss;
- yolks, boiled eggs;
- millet, corn, barley, bean side dishes;
- cabbage, turnips, radishes, rutabaga, eggplants, onions and garlic, sorrel, cucumbers, tomatoes and bell peppers;
- citrus fruits, apples (sour varieties), grapes, pomegranate, cranberries;
- chocolate, jam;
- hot fries, sauces, marinades, vinegar, ketchup;
- all carbonated drinks, even mineral water (only without gas);
- strong tea and coffee, juices, cocoa;
- all fresh bread and pastries, pancakes, pies, shortbread.
As you can see, the list of restrictions is quite long, but this is only for the duration of an acute process.Then you can gradually expand your diet a little, but you will have to forget annoying and “heavy” dishes almost forever.
What can you eat?
This is the first question that arises after reading the list of prohibitions.Of course, the diet is not very varied, but it is aimed at maintaining rest for the pancreas and relieving inflammation.
Allowed:
- dried yesterday's bread, crackers;
- vegetable, noodle soups;
- steamed meat dishes and poultry - cutlets, meatballs, rolls, pates, meat purees;
- boiled fish fillet (low-fat), baked fish, omelettes;
- milk, cottage cheese, low-fat and mild cheese, kefir;
- vegetable and butter (in porridge) oils;
- vegetable purees and stews, boiled vegetables;
- pasta, noodles, cereals - oatmeal, semolina, buckwheat, rice;
- unsweetened baked fruits (pears, apples, peaches, plums);
- compote, jelly, jelly;
- rosehip decoctions, herbal teas, bran drink.
Of course, the diet is limited, but in agreement with your doctor, you will gradually expand your menu.
Sample menu
It is worth remembering that this menu can be used at home, when the exacerbation subsides; in the acute stage of pancreatitis, fasting and gradual introduction of food are prescribed.When planning your diet, remember: there should be at least five meals, which are approximately equal in calorie content and digestive load.
Menu for pancreatitis for 5 days
Day one
- Breakfast: mashed potatoes - 100-150 g, 2 crackers of white bread, 200 ml of mineral water (still!).
- Second breakfast: steamed chicken cutlet - 100 g, omelette - 100 g, dried white bread - 1 piece, 200 ml of milk (kefir).
- Lunch: vegetable soup - 200 ml, boiled fish - 100 g, zucchini puree - 100 g, white bread - 1 piece, rose hip decoction - 200 ml, a third of a banana.
- Afternoon snack: fruit jelly - 100 g, low-fat cottage cheese - 100 g, still mineral water - 200 ml.
- Dinner: oatmeal - 200 g, pumpkin puree - 100 g, steamed meatball - 2 pcs., weak tea with milk, a piece of dark bread.
Day two
- Breakfast: buckwheat porridge -200 g, 2 croutons of white bread, 200 ml of tea with milk.
- Second breakfast: steamed beef cutlet - 100 g, carrot soufflé - 200 g, dried white bread - 1 piece, 200 ml of dried fruit compote.
- Lunch: noodle soup - 200 ml, boiled chicken - 100 g, vegetable puree - 100 g, white bread - 1 piece, mineral water - 200 ml, half a baked pear.
- Afternoon snack: applesauce - 200 g, still mineral water - 200 ml, Maria biscuits - 100 g.
- Dinner: mashed potatoes - 200 g, low-fat cottage cheese - 100 g, sandwich with cheese (30 g of cheese, a piece of toasted bread), weak tea with milk, a piece of dark bread.
Day three
- Breakfast: squash and pumpkin puree - 100-150 g, 2 croutons of white bread, 200 ml of mineral water (still!).
- Second breakfast: low-fat cottage cheese - 100 g, half a baked pear, dried white bread - 1 piece, 200 ml of compote.
- Lunch: broccoli soup - 200 ml, boiled meat, ground into puree - 100 g, mashed potatoes - 100 g, white bread - 1 piece, chamomile tea - 200 ml.
- Afternoon snack: vegetable stew - 200 g, cheese - 50 g, still mineral water - 200 ml.
- Dinner: buckwheat porridge - 200 g, kefir - 200 g, half a banana, a slice of white bread.
Day four
- Breakfast: mashed potatoes - 100-150 g, 2 crackers of white bread, 200 ml of mineral water (still!).
- Second breakfast: rice porridge - 200 g, dried white bread - 1 piece, 200 ml of milk (kefir).
- Lunch: vegetable soup - 200 ml, boiled fish - 100 g, carrot puree - 100 g, white bread - 1 piece, rose hip decoction - 200 ml, a third of a banana.
- Afternoon snack: omelette - 100 g, baked sweet apple, still mineral water - 200 ml.
- Dinner: oatmeal - 200 g, pumpkin puree - 100 g, steamed meatball - 2 pcs., weak tea with milk, a piece of dark bread.
Day five
- Breakfast: oatmeal - 200 g, pumpkin puree - 100 g, steamed meatball - 2 pcs., weak tea with milk, a piece of dark bread.
- Second breakfast: steamed chicken cutlet - 100 g, omelette - 100 g, dried white bread - 1 piece, 200 ml of milk (kefir).
- Lunch: pasta soup - 200 ml, steamed fish cutlet - 100 g, pumpkin puree with carrots - 100 g, white bread - 1 piece, rose hip decoction - 200 ml, Maria cookies - 2 pcs.
- Afternoon snack: baked fruit - 100 g, low-fat cottage cheese - 100 g, still mineral water - 200 ml.
- Dinner: mashed potatoes - 100-150 g, 2 crackers of white bread, 200 ml of mineral water (still!).
If you follow your doctor's recommendations, strictly follow the diet and follow all instructions, you can quickly achieve relief.But a fairly strict diet with restriction of “heavy” foods will last from 3 to 6 months.And then you will constantly need to limit fatty foods, fried foods, spices and canned foods.