For gastritis, in addition to drug treatment, other methods of therapy are used - traditional methods of treatment, diet.What can you eat during a diet for gastritis of the stomach to get the effect of such treatment?
General information about diets for gastritis
Treatment of gastritis is usually complex and includes, in addition to drug therapy, various diets.Diet for gastritis means a lot, since dry food, snacks on the run (hot dogs, pizza, etc.), irregular meals, too cold or hot food and a large amount of spices can cause exacerbation of gastritis.
The gastroenterologist prescribes diet and drug treatment for gastritis in accordance with the type of disease, troubling symptoms and the causes that led to the onset of the disease.Patients may be bothered by pain, a feeling of heaviness and burning in the epigastrium, a feeling of fullness in the stomach, a feeling of hunger after eating, belching, vomiting, increased salivation, decreased appetite, and indigestion.
Diet for gastritis, especially during the acute period, should not contain foods that irritate the stomach.What diet should you follow?The prescribed diet depends on the severity of the exacerbation (attack) in the patient; in addition, the type of diet depends on the level of stomach acidity.
If you have gastritis, exclude the following types of foods from your diet:
- any broths;
- animal fats;
- fried, spicy foods;
- smoked meats, any snacks;
- fatty meat and fish;
- pickled and pickled vegetables;
- mushrooms (due to difficult digestibility);
- some types of cereals - corn, millet, barley, pearl barley;
- fresh berries;
- fermented milk drinks, sour cream;
- some vegetables and seasonings - onions, garlic, radishes, radishes, white cabbage;
- vinegar, ketchup, mayonnaise, pepper, spices, sauces;
- some types of drinks - strong coffee, tea, carbonated, undiluted sour fruit juices.
During an exacerbation of the disease, dietary nutrition promotes remission of the disease, therefore, foods that strongly affect secretion and act as irritants are excluded from the diet.
Products that irritate the mucous membranes
Mechanical irritation is caused by:
- plentiful table;
- consumption of cartilage, stringy meat, poultry skin;
- consumption of a significant amount of coarse fiber, which is found in beans, radishes, raisins, currants, grapes, gooseberries, and bran bread.
Fried foods have the maximum mechanical effect on the gastric mucosa.To a lesser extent, this effect is exerted by dishes prepared by baking in the oven or using a double boiler.
Chemical irritation is caused by products from the following list:
- broths, decoctions of vegetables and mushrooms;
- various spices;
- canned food;
- fried and smoked foods (meat and fish);
- salted, pickled, pickled vegetables;
- hard-boiled eggs;
- tomato sauce;
- rye bread, cakes, pastries made from butter dough - pies, pastries, pies, biscuits;
- fermented milk products;
- unripe sour fruits;
- some types of raw vegetables - onions, garlic, radishes, radishes;
- some types of drinks - strong coffee, tea, alcoholic and carbonated drinks.
The chemical effect that food can have on the gastrointestinal tract is indicated by the presence in it of extractives, organic acids, table salt, water-soluble sugars, and essential oils.
Thermal irritation is caused by very hot or very cold food - dishes with a temperature of less than 15 ° and more than 57-62 ° C are irritating, and cold meals taken on an empty stomach increase intestinal motility.The most acceptable food temperature is around 37-38°C.
The diet is selected according to its qualitative composition, the method of culinary processing of products (heat treatment - frying, boiling, steaming, baking), and the degree of grinding.
Gentle diet and fasting
A gentle diet, in addition to eliminating irritants, provides for fractional meals, this facilitates the digestion and absorption of food.It is preferable to eat pureed, warm, non-rough dishes that have a juice-like effect - milk, milk porridge, eggs, boiled lean fish, steamed meat.
Sometimes it is considered advisable to fast, since the very consumption of any food causes an increase in the secretion of hydrochloric acid.With short-term abstinence from food, the acidity of the stomach decreases, the production of saliva, bile, and peristalsis also decreases.
The greatest effect of fasting days is observed during an exacerbation of the disease, when a complete refusal to eat alternates with the consumption of light foods.With this eating schedule, toxins and waste products leave the body faster.But there are contraindications for fasting - it is not used for severe weight loss, anorexia, when carrying a child, and is not used for children.
Fasting should not immediately begin with a complete refusal of food.First, they switch to light foods (for example, kefir), spend 5 days on such a light diet and then switch to fasting.
Fasting can be in two options: with the first option (dry fasting), drinking water is prohibited, the second option allows drinking mineral still water or simply boiled water.On the second day you are allowed to drink weak tea, this lasts 4-5 days.Coming out of a hunger strike begins with the consumption of rice water and wheat crackers.Then they begin to eat liquid boiled oatmeal, rice and semolina porridges, which are made with water or with a small amount of milk.It is good to eat mucous soups or cereal infusions with soups during the day.The consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits is excluded.
Separate food
Nutrition options when the diet does not allow the simultaneous intake of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates are called separate meals.For example, meat should not be eaten with starchy and green vegetables.Green vegetables can be combined with many foods: fats, proteins, cereals.Confectionery products (flour) and sugar are consumed separately from all foods to avoid fermentation, belching, and heartburn.
By adhering to the principles of separate nutrition, you can normalize digestion, metabolic processes in the body, and reduce weight.Properly combined foods are absorbed faster, do not cause fermentation, and no toxic substances are formed in the blood.
Food output speed
For easy digestion and removal of food from the body, it is not recommended to simultaneously consume liquid and solid foods.Liquid and mushy food leaves the stomach faster than solid food, so it is recommended during diets to increase the speed of food passage.
Prunes and raisins remain in the stomach for a particularly long time; if gastritis worsens, it is not recommended to consume them during the first few months.
It also affects the speed of food movement and its type - proteins, carbohydrates or fats.Carbohydrates leave the body the fastest, followed by proteins, and only fats remain the longest.Fats have little effect on the production of gastric juice, but they increase the period of time that food remains in the stomach, since fats are difficult to break down - the longer food remains in the stomach, the stronger the release of hydrochloric acid.During an exacerbation of the disease, it is recommended to avoid fats.
Purpose of the diet
When prescribing a diet, many factors are taken into account, including concomitant diseases of the gallbladder, pancreas, and intestines.If you are prone to diarrhea, diet No. 4 is prescribed; if symptoms of chronic cholecystitis or pancreatitis are present, diet No. 5 is prescribed (with the exception of whole milk and a decrease in fresh vegetables and fruits).The duration of the diet is also selected individually.A strict diet, which is prescribed in the acute stage, is kept for 1-2 months.But the basic rules of proper nutrition must be followed for many years.
The prescribed diets also depend on the form and type of course of the disease.In case of acute, erosive (ulcerative) gastritis and exacerbation of chronic gastritis, a strict diet is prescribed; during the period of remission, the diet is slightly expanded.For any type of gastritis (superficial, hypertrophic, subatrophic, hyperplastic, hemorrhagic, catarrhal, focal, mixed reflux gastritis, etc.), alcohol, smoking, fatty, fried and spicy foods are strictly prohibited.
For gastritis, the goal is to restore normal activity of the stomach, regenerate affected areas of the mucosa, normalize acidity and activity of digestive enzymes.
What can you eat if you have acute gastritis?
In acute forms of gastritis, it is recommended not to eat on the first day; you are allowed to drink tea and still mineral water.From day 2 you can eat by introducing into the diet: liquid porridge (preferably oatmeal), mashed potatoes (liquid with water), soft-boiled eggs, jelly.A strict diet is required during the period of exacerbation; as the symptoms subside, the diet is expanded.With low acidity, it is recommended to eat more foods that help the secretion of hydrochloric acid; with high acidity, vice versa.
| Calms the stomach | They act irritatingly |
| Mineral drinking water without gas, weak tea | Alcoholic and carbonated drinks |
| Weak vegetable soups | Coffee, cocoa (low fat) |
| Porridge | Salty dishes |
| Well-cooked lean meat and fish | All fried, pickled, smoked dishes |
| Puree vegetables (potatoes, rutabaga, carrots, cauliflower) | Rich strong broths |
| Cottage cheese | Canned food, spices |
| Fresh white bread | Black bread |
| Sugar | Eggs (yolk only) |
Diet for chronic gastritis
In this case, diet No. 2 is prescribed.The food should be varied in composition; the diet should contain foods that stimulate the secretion of gastric juice and increase appetite, which is reduced in such patients.
Products allowed and prohibited for chronic gastritis:
| Allowed | Forbidden |
| Lean meat or fish, soups with low-fat broth (meat or fish) | Fatty meat and fish |
| Soaked herring, caviar (black) | Cold drinks |
| Boiled, stewed, baked vegetables, herbs - dill, parsley | Fresh bread |
| Fruit and vegetable juices, soft apples | Pastry products |
| Soft-boiled eggs, cheese (mild), lean ham | Lots of grapes or cabbage |
| Stale rye bread | Salty, spicy dishes |
| Loose porridge with water or a small amount of milk | Milk |
Due to the fact that patients with this form of gastritis often do not tolerate milk well, it is recommended to consume fermented milk products (kefir, cottage cheese, yogurt) - fresh and as a casserole or pudding.
Features of the diet for hypoacid gastritis
Eating should occur at least 5 times a day.Therapeutic nutrition is followed for 2-3 months after the acute period.It is good to supplement your diet with vitamin and mineral supplements.
In this case, at the beginning of an exacerbation, a strict diet is followed, the purpose of which is to reduce the exacerbation.After this, they begin to stimulate the secretion of gastric juice.The diet prescribed for low acidity is diet No. 2.
Table of permitted and prohibited products for low acidity (hypoacid gastritis):
| Allowed | Prohibited |
| Rabbit, chicken, lean meat in the form of meatballs, meatballs, cutlets | Fried foods, baked foods |
| Lean fish, fish soup | Alcoholic drinks |
| Meat broths, soups - vegetable, fruit, pea | Salty, spicy dishes and seasonings (horseradish, pepper, mustard, garlic) |
| Vegetable purees, stews, salads from beets, carrots, potatoes, zucchini (except spinach and sorrel) | Mushrooms |
| Sour cream, kefir, milk, cottage cheese, cheesecakes, diluted cream, a little butter, mild cheese, steam omelettes, soft-boiled eggs | Rough stringy, fatty meat, pork |
| Fruit juices (excluding grape juice), compotes, rosehip decoction, black currant berries | Raw vegetables, including radishes, radishes, onions, fresh cucumbers, sweet peppers, rutabaga, cabbage;pickled vegetables |
| Weak tea (with milk), water with lemon and sugar | Grape juice and whole grapes, prunes, raisins |
| White crackers, dry biscuits | Fresh bread, pastry pastries |
| Porridge | Smoked products (meat and fish) |
| Aspic | Milk |
| Sweet berries (raspberries, strawberries) and pureed fruits;jam, compotes, jelly | Legumes, cereals – pearl barley, corn, barley, millet |
| Pasta | Okroshka |
It is recommended to drink mineral water 20-30 minutes before meals.
The diet is followed for about 3 weeks, it all depends on how you feel.After reducing inflammation, you can gradually begin to stimulate the production of hydrochloric acid - cook stronger meat broths, sometimes serve a pickled cucumber or a piece of herring for lunch, you can eat a sandwich with grainy caviar.To stimulate the production of gastric juice, half an hour before meals you should drink lemon juice diluted with water (0.5 cups).
It is allowed to eat fried foods, but without breading.It is good to start taking bitters from herbs - to increase appetite and taste sensations.Drinking kumiss is good for secretion; drinking kvass is not harmful, but you shouldn’t get carried away because it enhances the processes of gas formation.You can also drink coffee, but no more than 1 cup per day.
Further, the diet is expanded, and it is allowed to consume cocoa, kefir, and strong tea.If you feel well, the diet expands after a few months - you can eat almost everything, but you should not overuse salt, spices, cabbage, and grapes.Hot dishes must be present at breakfast and lunch.
Sample menu for the period of exacerbation of gastritis:
- breakfast– weak tea with milk and oatmeal;
- lunch– apple (baked);
- dinner– compote, steamed meat cutlet with a side dish of buckwheat porridge, broth with meatballs;
- dinner– vegetable puree, cottage cheese (can be with jam);
- before bed:a glass of kefir with white crackers.
Diet for hyperacid gastritis
With hyperacid gastritis, you need to eat at certain hours, in small portions, 5-6 times a day.It is important to chew food thoroughly - crushed food does not injure the mucous membrane, and during chewing, more gastric juice and saliva are produced, which help digest food.All dishes should be minimally seasoned and salted.
The first few weeks the diet is almost the same as with low acidity.The difference is that with gastritis with high acidity, it is useful to consume more dairy products and milk to normalize the high acidity.
If milk provokes bloating or diarrhea, then it can be diluted - drunk, added to tea.If this does not help, then it is replaced with slimy soups.
All food should be pureed, warm, chopped.A few weeks later, after a strict diet, foods that have little effect on the synthesis of gastric juice are added.The principle of fractional meals is also preserved.The diet should be rich in proteins to restore stomach cells.
For hyperacid gastritis, diet number 1 is recommended (it is good for weight loss).Then - diet 1A for up to 10 days, after - diet 1B and No. 1 (up to several months).
List of permitted and prohibited products:
| Allowed | Forbidden |
| Lean boiled meat: rabbit, chicken, pigeon.Dishes made from them, boiled in water or steamed, in the form of meatballs, cutlets, souffle | Spicy, smoked and fried dishes (or baked with a crust - grill), sausages, sausages |
| Low-fat fish - hake, pink salmon, cod, and other seafood | Rich meat and fish broths |
| Vegetable puree, grated vegetables - young peas, potatoes, beets, carrots;fresh cabbage juice | Coffee, tea, carbonated and alcoholic drinks, kvass, beer |
| Fruit jelly, jelly, puree (strawberries, raspberries, apples) | Cranberry, sour fruit or citrus juices |
| Porridges that boil well in water - semolina, rice, oatmeal | Tomatoes, garlic, onions, turnips, radishes, peppers, cabbage |
| Milk, fresh cottage cheese | Mustard, ginger |
| Steam omelettes, soft-boiled eggs, milk, cream, fresh cottage cheese, casseroles made from it | Legumes, chocolate |
| Slimy soups with the addition of pureed cereals, pureed milk porridges from various cereals (except millet) | Marinades, pickles, seasonings, salt |
| White bread crackers | Fermented milk products |
| Sugar, honey | Coffee, alcoholic drinks |
| Rose hip decoction with sugar, tea (with milk or cream) | Black bread |
An hour before meals, it is recommended to drink Borjomi alkaline mineral water (1 glass).
Oven-dried crackers are allowed to replace fresh black bread.It is recommended to add vegetable oil to dishes to speed up the healing process of mucosal damage that occurs with this type of gastritis.
Menu for exacerbation:
- breakfast - steam omelette, pureed milk porridge (oatmeal), tea with milk;
- second breakfast - milk with crackers;
- lunch - puree soup from a mixture of potatoes and carrots, steamed meat cutlets with a side dish of mashed potatoes, fruit jelly;
- afternoon snack - a glass of milk.
- dinner - boiled fish with a side dish of carrot and beet puree, tea with milk;
- at night - a glass of milk.
Food Recipes
For ease of preparation, they create an approximate menu of dietary dishes for the week, taking into account the permitted foods.It is very convenient and complies with the rules of a gentle cooking method when preparing dishes in a slow cooker.
Mucous soups are used during exacerbations and pain.Milk soups are used in diets 1A and 1B.More often these are cereal soups prepared with milk diluted with water (1:1).Puree soups are prepared with cereals, potatoes and carrots are added, after which everything is pureed and a little oil is added.
To prepare main courses, it is better to use cooking (steamed or in a water bath).This is how omelettes, puddings, sauces, etc. are prepared.The meat is boiled in small pieces (to remove extractive substances from it), then the broth is drained, and the meat is cooked in new water.
Sample recipes from allowed foods during diets:
First courses
Creamy squash soup with dill
Boil zucchini and potatoes and blend in a blender.Bring to the desired structure with vegetable broth, salt, add cream and finely chopped dill.
Slimy rice soup with minced chicken (breast) and cream
Boiled chicken fillet is ground in a blender.The puree is mixed with rice water, salted a little and brought to a boil.Cool the soup to 70 °C, add the egg-cream mixture and beat.
Second courses:
Turkey cutlets
The minced turkey is salted, butter and wheat bread soaked in milk are added.Form cutlets and steam them.
Delicious dietary desserts:
Rice pudding with apples
Cook rice porridge, add grated apples, yolk and sugar.Beat the mixture and add the pre-whipped whites.Place in molds and steam for at least half an hour.The finished pudding is poured with fruit jelly.
Curd soufflé
Whisk cottage cheese, yolks, semolina, milk and cream.Whipped whites are added to the mixture and mixed gently.The resulting mass in the form is steamed.